Pinching back (finger pruning) and trimming of terminal growth results in secondary growth further back on the branch. The result is increased fullness of the foliage. If such grooming is not done the most vigorous shoots will grow thick and strong. The upper branches of a tree grow more vigorously than the lower branches. Failure to groom the top branches will encourage top heavy growth and the withering of the lower branches. If done properly pruning will result in delicate twigs at the apex and strong lower branches.

Pine candles can still be shortened in May. Use your fingers and twist off two thirds of the candle. If there are three or more candles to each bunch (and they vary in size) start pinching the largest, then in a few days the next in size, and so on until all have been reduced. This procedure promotes new breaks on the branches and shortens internodes, reduces the length of the needles, and encourages growth of the weaker candles.

Spruces will begin to show signs of new growth. Use the same candle pinching technique. Your junipers will need constant plucking during the growing season.

Excess moisture and sunshine will cause long internodes on deciduous trees. Let the leaves develop. Then cut back to two or three leaves on each branch. Do not prune the entire tree at one time. At about seven to ten day intervals you can prune about one fourth of the tree each time. The desired ramification of deciduous trees is achieved mainly as the result of spring and early summer pruning.

INSECTS

By now the sawfly has descended on the pines and the aphids on the quince and maples. Soon we will have really hot weather and the red spider mite will wreck havoc on our junipers and Alberta spruce. Place a piece of white paper below a branch. Tap the branch and then inspect the paper for minute dots. If the dots move, spider mites are present. Malathion or Kelthane are recommended for controlling spider mites. A soap spray (not detergent) also works well. A hard spray of water will also discourage these insects.

FERTILIZERS

I prefer a coarse soil mix because it promotes root growth and prevents root rot. However, such a soil retains very few nutrients. Thus, it is important to apply a liquid fertilizer on a regular basis. I try to remember to fertilize every week at half strength.

WIRING

Watch closely all trees that have been wired – especially maples. May is a time of rapid growth. Wire cuts can easily occur. Remove any wires that are about to cut into the bark. You can always rewire.